Django-RESTful Api 之基于类的视图

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优点

  • 把各种 HTTP 请求分离开，不用分支计算
  • 增加了可读性
  • 可以轻松的重复使用代码

修改视图

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from myApp.models import Student, Grade
from myApp.serializers import StudentSerializer
from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status
from django.http import Http404


# Create your views here.
class StudentsList(APIView):
    def get(self, request, format=None):
        stus = Student.objects.all()
        serializer = StudentSerializer(stus, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

    def post(self, request, format=None):
        serializer = StudentSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)


class StudentDetail(APIView):
    def get_object(self, pk):
        try:
            return Student.objects.get(pk=pk)
        except Student.DoesNotExist as e:
            raise Http404

    def get(self, request, pk, format=None):
        stu = self.get_object(pk)
        serializer = StudentSerializer(stu)
        return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

    def put(self, request, pk, format=None):
        stu = self.get_object(pk)
        serializer = StudentSerializer(stu, data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

    def delete(self, request, pk, format=None):
        stu = self.get_object(pk)
        stu.delete()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

修改路由

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from django.conf.urls import url
from myApp import views
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^students/$', views.StudentsList.as_view()),
    url(r'^students/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.StudentDetail.as_view()),
]
urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)

使用 Mixins 类

  • 基本使用：

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    from myApp.models import Student, Grade
    from myApp.serializers import StudentSerializer
    from rest_framework import mixins
    from rest_framework import generics


    # Create your views here.
    # 只有一个父类能继承自APIView
    class StudentsList(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView):
        # 通过get_queryset()和get_serializer()得到集合和序列化
        queryset = Student.objects.all()
        serializer_class = StudentSerializer

        def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

        def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)


    class StudentDetail(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
                        generics.GenericAPIView):
        queryset = Student.objects.all()
        serializer_class = StudentSerializer

        def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

        def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

        def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

  • 使用通用视图：

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    from myApp.models import Student, Grade
    from myApp.serializers import StudentSerializer
    from rest_framework import generics


    class StudentsList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
        queryset = Student.objects.all()
        serializer_class = StudentSerializer


    class StudentDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
        queryset = Student.objects.all()
        serializer_class = StudentSerializer